Prépositions et particules verbales
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1. Verbes et prépositions: |
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verbes prépositionnels: |
(belong to, look at, look after, look for, wait for, listen to, rely on, complain to, complain about, agree with, agree about, ...) | Wait for me! | |
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pas
de préposition quand le COD ne figure pas dans la phrase:
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What are you waiting for? | Where shall I wait? | |
| I'm waiting for a phone call. | You needn't wait. | ||
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Verbes
transitifs prépositionnels: 2 compléments
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1 transitif et 1 prépositionnel: accuse of, remind of, invite to, ... | She reminds me of someone I knew. | |
| sans préposition: allow, cost, forgive, refuse, ... | I can't refuse him anything. | ||
| verbes
à 3 places: give, bring, leave, ... + to buy, make, leave, ... + for |
Give
it to him; give him yours give him this; give this to him I'll lend her my racket; I'll lend my racket to her |
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Complément circonstanciel: |
in time; on Mondays, at night, ... | She's waiting in your office | |
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Quelques
prépositions:
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at
= situation: I'll see you at school at = agressivité: He threw a stone at the dog |
to
= déplacement: He's going to school to = sans agressivité: HE trew a ball to the dog |
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| across = à travers un espace: across the street | through = à travers la matière: through the window | ||
| for = durée: for 3 hours | during = au cours de: during the holidays | ||
| like = comparison: He looks like his brother | as = assimilation: she works as a nurse | ||
| He ran to school = il partit à l'école en courant | He walked from the shop = il revint du magasin à pied | ||
| He drove to school = il partit à l'école en voiture | He rode from work = il rentra du travail à vélo | ||
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2.
Verbes et particules verbales
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Particules
usuelles:
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about, across, along, apart, away, back, by, down, in, off, on, out, round, through, up | ||
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Rôle:
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fait partie du verbe: | Switch off the radio, switch on the TV ... | |
| modifie carrément le sens du verbe: | give = donner; give up = renoncer | ||
| le nuance | give = donner; give out = renoncer | ||
| ne modifie rien: | He kept singing = he kept on singing | ||
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Place:
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avant le complément s'il est long: | She gave back all the books she had borrowed. | |
| après si c'est un pronom: | She gave them back. | ||
| Avant ou après s'il n'est pas très long: | She
gave back the books. She gave the books back. |
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3.
Préposition ou particule?
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La
préposition fait partie du groupe complément et elle n'est
pas accentuée:
He slept on the sofa |
La particule fait partie du verbe et est toujours accentuée: He slept on till five. |
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Quand on supprime le complément la préposition disparaît. Wait
for me! => Wait! |
La particule reste. Switch
off the light! => Switch off! |
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Une particule peut être suivie d'une préposition mais pas l'inverse: He
hasn't come back from the supermarket. |
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