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The situation is both present AND Past
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| The situation described is true in the present but it was also true in the past. In other words, it is not over. | The important point is that the speaker considers that the situation is different now from what it was before. |
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| simple form |
I have lived in Paris for 6 months. I have lived in Paris since December. (living in Paris is both a present and past situation) |
noticing |
Look! Someone has broken the window! They have finished building this house. |
| continuous form | It has been raining all morning. I have been working for 2 hours! |
assessing | I have never been to Mexico. They have invited us many times before. |
| Remember: FOR indicates the time span between the beginning of the situation and now. SINCE indicates the point when the situation started. |
Examples: you can see the result of a
past action; you realize that the situation has changed; you can count
the number of times something has happened, etc.
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Have + EN always indicates a link between the present and the past. |
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 Either the action is not over or I consider the result of past actions.
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